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Hijack Execution Flow: Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search order used to load other programs. Because some programs do not call other programs using the full path, adversaries may place their own file in the directory where the calling program is located, causing the operating system to launch their malicious software at the request of the calling program.

Search order hijacking occurs when an adversary abuses the order in which Windows searches for programs that are not given a path. Unlike DLL Search Order Hijacking, the search order differs depending on the method that is used to execute the program. (Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess) (Citation: Windows NT Command Shell) (Citation: Microsoft WinExec) However, it is common for Windows to search in the directory of the initiating program before searching through the Windows system directory. An adversary who finds a program vulnerable to search order hijacking (i.e., a program that does not specify the path to an executable) may take advantage of this vulnerability by creating a program named after the improperly specified program and placing it within the initiating program's directory.

For example, "example.exe" runs "cmd.exe" with the command-line argument net user. An adversary may place a program called "net.exe" within the same directory as example.exe, "net.exe" will be run instead of the Windows system utility net. In addition, if an adversary places a program called "net.com" in the same directory as "net.exe", then cmd.exe /C net user will execute "net.com" instead of "net.exe" due to the order of executable extensions defined under PATHEXT. (Citation: Microsoft Environment Property)

Search order hijacking is also a common practice for hijacking DLL loads and is covered in DLL Search Order Hijacking.

Atomic Tests

Atomic Test #1 - powerShell Persistence via hijacking default modules - Get-Variable.exe

Colibri leverages PowerShell in a unique way to maintain persistence after a reboot. Depending on the Windows version, Colibri drops its copy in %APPDATA%\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps and names it Get-Variable.exe for Windows 10 and above. https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/04/colibri-loader-combines-task-scheduler-and-powershell-in-clever-persistence-technique/

Supported Platforms: windows

auto_generated_guid: 1561de08-0b4b-498e-8261-e922f3494aae

Inputs:

None

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

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C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\csc.exe /out:"$env:localappdata\Microsoft\WindowsApps\Get-Variable.exe" "PathToAtomicsFolder\T1574.008\bin\calc.cs"
Powershell -noprofile

Cleanup Commands:

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Remove-Item "$env:localappdata\Microsoft\WindowsApps\Get-Variable.exe" -ErrorAction Ignore
Stop-Process -Name "calculator"

source